Sector
Livestock & Dairy
The productivity, feed and health of the animals that farming households depend on.
3 problems within this
Milk yield per head of cattle remains well below the world average
The Integrated Sample Survey put average annual productivity of cattle at 1,777 kg per animal in 2019-20, against a world average of 2,699 kg in 2019 (FAO), as the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying told Parliament in March 2021. Productivity is rising — the Department reports 27.39 per cent growth in bovine productivity between 2014 and 2022 — and India is the world's largest milk producer, with 239.30 million tonnes in 2023-24. The gap is in yield per animal, not in total output. Evidence confidence: High for 2019-20; a current comparison with the world average is not established here.
Green fodder falls about 11 per cent short of requirement
In April 2025 the Union Minister for Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying put the national green fodder deficit at an estimated 11 per cent, noting that only about 8.5 million hectares are under cultivated fodder. The statement does not give the underlying assessment, a dry fodder or concentrate deficit, or a regional breakdown. Evidence confidence: Medium — an official estimate stated publicly without its method.
Livestock diseases keep cutting productivity, and Lumpy Skin Disease was reported in ten states in 2025
Approving a revised Livestock Health and Disease Control Programme in March 2025 (₹3,880 crore for 2024-25 and 2025-26), the Union Cabinet stated that livestock productivity is adversely impacted by foot-and-mouth disease, brucellosis, peste des petits ruminants, classical swine fever and Lumpy Skin Disease. In July 2025 the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying reported Lumpy Skin Disease in ten states that year — Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Mizoram, Maharashtra and Karnataka — with active cases only in Maharashtra. National figures on animal deaths and economic losses from these diseases are not established here. Evidence confidence: Medium — the burden is officially acknowledged but not quantified in the sources used.
Alongside this
Fisheries
Losses in the fish catch and the state of the marine stocks it comes from.
Agricultural Extension & Knowledge
Whether farmers receive the technical advice the research and extension system exists to provide.
Farmer Collectives
Producer organisations and cooperatives through which small farmers combine to buy, sell and borrow.
Rural Livelihood Diversification
How far rural workers and households still depend on agriculture for a living.
Crop Supply & Import Dependence
Farm products India cannot yet produce enough of to meet its own demand.
Farm Incomes & Farm Distress
How much farming households earn from farming, and the distress that national statistics record among farmers and agricultural labourers.
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